Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is among the most urgent global health threats. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains are particularly challenging, as they are more difficult to treat, require prolonged hospitalization, and are associated with higher treatment failure rates.

This project applies genomic analysis to investigate how Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops and sustains drug resistance. By sequencing clinical isolates, we aim to:

Identify genetic mutations responsible for resistance to key anti-TB drugs.

Detect compensatory mutations that enhance the survival and transmission of resistant strains.

Track the epidemiology of MDR/XDR-TB in Saudi Arabia and place it in a global context.

Construct phylogenetic maps to illustrate the emergence, evolution, and circulation of resistant strains.

The outcomes will provide a comprehensive understanding of resistance pathways in MDR/XDR-TB. These insights will guide public health strategies, support the development of rapid diagnostic tools, and improve treatment monitoring, ultimately contributing to more effective TB control.